Radars and Ruin: The Environmental Legacy of Cold War Operations in the Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As the Second World War came to a close and tensions rose between the Soviet Union and the United States, the destructive capabilities of the air age became clear when, in reflection of the technologic capabilities of the air age, cartographic representations of the globe used a circumpolar orientation to position the North Pole as the center of global strategic power. Geography no longer ensured US security – Moscow could launch attacks over the Arctic to reach centers of industry and population in the lower 48 states. These realizations resulted in a number of joint US-Canadian operations in the Canadian Arctic to ensure continental security. This work utilizes the history of the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line project, a chain of radar networks that stretched across North America’s 69th parallel, to emphasize Washington’s postwar hemispheric hegemony through the invasion of Canadian sovereignty. In addition to examining how the phases of the DEW Line’s construction and operation aggravated Canadian-American relations, an environmental lens that investigates the ecological consequences of the project’s abandonment in the early 1960s reveals a concrete violation of Canadian sovereignty by Washington. Using a wide range of sources, including diplomatic correspondences, newspaper articles, intergovernmental debates, and even crossing disciplines to integrate scientific studies, this work provides a new framework to emphasize the hemispheric hegemony held by Washington in the postwar period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.031 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".