Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for determination of Bisphenol A, Octylphenol and Nonylphenol in infant formulas.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the last decade there has been a worldwide scientific and public discussion about the potential consequences of long-term dietary exposure to endocrine disrupters. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance widely used for the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, which are used in plastic food containers, such as baby bottles. Nonylphenol (NP) and Octylphenol (OP) are intermediates to produce anionic and non-ion surfactants and are environmental contaminants [1]. \nSome recent reports determined the occurrence of these endocrine disruptor compounds in foods from different markets or containers; also, studies with the migration of BPA from baby bottles are available [2]. In April 2008, Health Canada released its Draft Screening Assessment for BPA, which concluded that the chemical may pose some risk to infants and proposed classifying the chemical as “toxic” to human health and environment. \n \nThe aim of this work was to develop a new rapid, sensitive and reproducible analytical strategy for determining BPA, OP and NP content in powdered infant formulas using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass analyzer. \nFor the extraction of the sample a comparative study was carried out using as dispersing agent C18 powder, and testing various solvents as dicloromethane, acetone, hexane, methanol, acetonitrile, and the mixture of them. \nThe separation was carried out on a reverse phase C18 column using as mobile phase methanol/acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% ammonia. LC/MS/MS studies were performed using a QqQ equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in negative mode. Calibration curves, calculated in the range 0.05-5 g ml-1, showed excellent linearity (r2>0.998). The recoveries ranged from 63 to 91% with an RSD < 12%; limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range 0.5-2.5 ng ml-1. \nPLE coupled with LC/ESI/MS/MS enables rapid and accurate determination of BPA, NP and OP in infant formulas. \n \n[1] B. Shao et al. Food Chem., 2007, 105, 1236. \n[2] N.C. Maragou et al. Food Addit. Contam., 2008, 25, 373.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".