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Record W7064189198

Application of biological ion exchange resins and gravity-driven membrane filtration process for drinking water treatment in remote areas

2024· other· fr· W7064189198 on OpenAlexfundno aff

Bibliographic record

VenuePolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) · 2024
Typeother
Languagefr
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicMagnetic confinement fusion research
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersUniversity of WaterlooPolytechnique Montréal
KeywordsMicrofiltrationFiltration (mathematics)MembraneCeramic membraneWater treatment
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

RÉSUMÉ: «RÉSUMÉ: L'objectif principal de cette thèse était d'investiguer les processus de traitement de l'eau conçus pour être déployés dans des zones décentralisées et éloignées des systèmes centralisés. Par conséquent, les caractéristiques clés recherchées dans ces processus de traitement étaient une faible consommation d'énergie, une empreinte écologique réduite, des besoins d'entretien peu fréquents, aucune nécessité d'opérateurs qualifiés et une rentabilité globale. En conséquence, nous avons proposé l'utilisation de membrane à filtration frontale et gravitaire (GDM, avec des membranes en céramique et polymères) et de résines échangeuses d'ions (IEX), exploitées en mode biologique (BIEX), car leurs caractéristiques inhérentes correspondent aux exigences essentielles des systèmes de traitement décentralisés de l'eau. Le premier objectif (article n° 1) de cette recherche était de synthétiser et caractériser trois types de membranes céramiques microfiltration (MF), avec différentes compositions de kaolin et alumine (M1 = 0 % wt d'alumine + 100 % wt de kaolin, M2 = 25 % wt d'alumine + 75 % wt de kaolin, et M3 = 50 % wt d'alumine + 50 % wt de kaolin), afin d'étudier leur application dans le processus membrane céramique entraînée par gravité (GDCM) lors de la filtration d'eau de rivière turbide, colorée et à forte teneur en matière organique naturelle (NOM). L'effet de la teneur en alumine a été évalué pour la filtration à long terme de l'eau de rivière en termes de flux membranaire et de qualité du perméat. De plus, les caractéristiques physiques de biofilm et la concentration de micro-organismes actifs dans le biofilm ont été étudiées. Les résultats pour les membranes fabriquées en laboratoire ont montré un flux stabilisé de 2,5 à 3,0 LMH indépendamment de l’alumine. Un enlèvement substantiel de l'UVA254, de l'alcalinité et du COD pendant les premiers jours de filtration a été réalisé, ainsi que l'élimination de la turbidité après stabilisation du flux. Une couche de biofilm hétérogène et dispersée distincte avant la stabilisation du flux a été observée, suivie de la formation d'une couche de gâteau dense et irrégulière, confirmant la transformation du mécanisme du modèle de «blocage des pores» au modèle de «Formation de gâteau couche». Enfin, une forte concentration d’alumine dans la structure de la membrane (M3 avec 50 % wt d'alumine) a accru l'adsorption de carbone, renforçant l'activité biologique et l'épaisseur moyenne du biofilm formé à la surface de la membrane.» ABSTRACT: «ABSTRACT: The overarching goal of this thesis was to investigate water treatment processes designed for deployment in decentralized and remote areas, far from centralized systems. Consequently, the key characteristics sought in these treatment processes were low energy consumption, reduced footprint, infrequent maintenance requirements, no need for skilled operators, and overall cost-effectiveness. As a result, we proposed the utilization of gravity-driven membrane (GDM, with ceramic and polymeric membranes) and ion exchange (IEX) resins, operated in the biological mode (BIEX), as their inherent features align with the essential requirements of decentralized water treatment systems. The first objective (paper # 1) of this research was to synthesize and characterize three types of ceramic microfiltration (MF) membranes with different compositions of kaolin clay and alumina (M1 = 0 % wt alumina + 100 % wt kaolin, M2 = 25 % wt alumina + 75 % wt kaolin, and M3 = 50 % wt alumina + 50 % wt kaolin) to study their applications in the gravity-driven ceramic membranes (GDCM) process during turbid, colored, and high natural organic matter (NOM) content river water filtration. The effect of alumina content was evaluated for long-term river water filtration in terms of membrane flux and permeate quality. Moreover, the physical characteristics of the biofouling layer and the concentration of active microorganisms in the biofilm were investigated. The results for the lab-made membranes showed a stabilized flux of 2.5 – 3.0 LMH which was independent of the alumina content. A substantial UVA254, alkalinity, and DOC removal during the initial filtration days were achieved as well as the turbidity removal after flux stabilization. A distinct heterogeneous and scattered biofilm layer before flux stabilization was observed, followed by a dense and irregular cake layer formation, confirming the transformation of the mechanism from pore blocking model to cake layer formation model. Finally, a high concentration of alumina in the membrane structure (M3 with 50 % wt alumina) increased carbon adsorption, which enhances biological activity and mean biofilm thickness formed on the membrane surface.»

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.004

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.271
Teacher spread0.253 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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