Assessment of hemp meal as a protein supplement for non-lactating dairy cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hemp meal (HM) may be a suitable protein supplement for dairy cows, but its use as a ruminant feed has not yet been approved in Canada. To obtain information regarding the potential to utilize hemp meal as a cattle feed, dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, total tract digestibility, and concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) in blood plasma, urine, muscle, and adipose tissues were compared between non-lactating dairy cows receiving either HM or canola meal (CM), or a combination of HM and CM. Six non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows were used in a repeated 3 × 3 Latin Square design feed trial with three, 3-week experimental periods. The first two weeks served as an adaptation (washout) period, and sample collection occurred during the third week of each period. Cows were fed a basal, partially mixed ration (PMR) diet that was supplemented with either 10.2 % DM HM, 13.5 % DM CM or 6.25 % DM HM and 6.16 % DM CM (HC). All diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined using acid insoluble ash contents of diets and feces as an internal marker. Supplement treatment did not affect DMI, pH, VFA, ammonia concentrations in the rumen, total tract DM digestibility, crude protein digestibility, urine nitrogen or blood serum concentration of glucose, urea, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and non-esterified fatty acids. However, the total tract NDF digestibility of the CM diet (43 %) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of HM (38 %). No cannabinoids were detected in blood plasma, rumen fluid, kidney, liver, urine, muscle, and adipose tissues of cows. However, CBD and CBDA were detected in the feces of the cows (0.68 ug/g and 0.67 ug/g, respectively). Our data show that hemp meal may be a good and safe alternative to canola meal as a protein supplement for non-lactating dairy cows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".