Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Retrofitted/Repaired in Shear with Fibre Reinforced Polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to explore the shear behaviour of externally Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bonded reinforced concrete beams under quasi-static or monotonic loading. The effects of key parameters such as the shear span to effective depth ratio, FRP type and scheme, and stiffness of FRP sheets on shear behaviour aspects such as the ultimate load capacity, deflection, crack pattern, mode of failure, and final strain in the FRP sheets were investigated. This study consists of two main phases incorporating experimental and numerical parts. In the experimental part, six beams were tested using different types of FRP sheets under quasi-static cyclic load and then three of these beams were repaired using epoxy injection along with new CFRP sheets and retested. A finite Element Model (FEM) was developed to predict the results of the first phase of the experimental study. The Genetic Algorithms (GAs) approach was used to develop simple, yet more accurate, formulas for predicting the ultimate load of RC beams under monotonic loading based on experimental data found in the open literature. The accuracy of the proposed model was found to be superior to that of common design guidelines namely, the ACI440, Eurocode (EC2), Matthys model, Colotti model, and the ISIS Canada guidelines. Considerable improvement of the ultimate shear capacity of beams retrofitted using externally bonded hybrid FRP sheets was observed. The simultaneous application of epoxy injection and externally bonded FRP sheets can significantly improve the ductility and load capacity of damaged beams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".