Bold, Mean, Disinhibited, and Individualistic? An Examination of Culture as a Risk Factor for Psychopathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Psychopathy is characterized by a unique set of personality traits including manipulativeness, callousness, coldness, pathological lying, shallow affect, superficial charm, and lack of empathy. Psychopaths are known to impact society, causing emotional, physical, and social suffering, therefore research examining risk factors of psychopathy is crucial. It has been previously proposed that one of the risk factors that can lead to the development of this condition is culture. Previous research has reliably found higher prevalence rates of psychopathy in the United States and Canada in comparison to various European countries. It was assumed that cultural differences were responsible for the inconsistencies in rates, but the cultural orientation of these samples was never examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine predictors of psychopathy and the validity of the cultural theory by measuring psychopathy and culture in cross-cultural sample of Americans, Greeks, and Greek-Americans, and examining the relationship between the two. A total of 517 participants were included in the study who completed a survey that included measures of the constructs of interest. Results indicated no significant differences in psychopathy or cultural orientation between different cultural groups but pointed to weak to moderate relationships between psychopathy and cultural orientation. Individualism significantly predicted psychopathy above and beyond other biopsychosocial risk factors. Psychopathy may be driven in part by culture, and culture may now become a new avenue on focus in our efforts to understand, prevent, and/or treat psychopathy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".