Culture and Family Relationships: Examining Young Sibling Conflict, and European and South Asian Canadian Mothers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mothers are salient influencers of their children’s development, and the strength of their influence is contingent on cultural values and beliefs. Cross-cultural research has primarily investigated parental relationships and their associations with individual child behaviour. The unique contribution of this thesis is the cross-cultural examination of three dyadic relationships in the family: the sibling, parent-child, and marital relationships. Data was drawn from Kids, Family Places. Two hundred and seventy-three Canadian families (222 European and 51 South Asian) were included. There was data from a total of 546 siblings (i.e., 273 dyads). Observational measures of interaction between young sibling dyads were collected in the home, and mothers reported on negative and positive qualities of their parenting, and conflict in their marriage. Cross-culturally equivalent measures of parenting and marital conflict were first established using structural equation modelling. Establishing measurement equivalence was an important component as it allowed for meaningful mean comparisons of the constructs between European and South Asian Canadian mothers. Mean differences were examined with t-tests and there was evidence of cultural variation in parenting and marital conflict patterns. South Asian Canadian mothers reported more negativity with both of their children and positivity with their younger 18-month-old, and lower frequency of destructive marital conflict, than European Canadian mothers. Sibling conflict (aggression and hostility) was investigated in the context of positive parenting and constructive marital conflict, their interaction, and culture. Culture was examined as a moderator on the association of sibling conflict with positive parenting and constructive marital conflict using multilevel modelling. As expected, sibling conflict was found to be negatively predicted by positive parenting. This association was attenuated by the frequency of constructive marital conflict. Consistent with literature, culture moderated the negative association of positive parenting on sibling conflict. Specifically, positive parenting was more strongly associated with sibling conflict in European Canadian than in South Asian families. These findings are discussed in the context of values and beliefs associated with conflict and cooperation amongst individualistic Western cultures and collectivistic Eastern cultures such as the South Asian community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".