Eph/Ephrin interactions and NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity mechanisms guide visual system development in «Xenopus laevis»
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chapter 1: Review of visual system development in Xenopus laevis………………….…I.The retinotectal projection in Xenopus laevis………………………………………... a. Developmental differences between the retinocollicular and retinotectal systems………………………………………………………………………… II.Chemoaffinity molecules in retinotopic map formation……………………………….a. Ephs and ephrins…………………………………………………………….... b.EphA and ephrin-A guide anteroposterior mapping………………………….. c.EphB and ephrin-B guide dorsoventral mapping……………………………... d.Potential activity dependence of Eph/ephrin expression and signaling……….e.Additional guidance molecules in retinocollicular/retinotectal mapping…….. f.Cytoskeletal remodelling induced by Eph/ephrin interaction………………… III.Activity-dependent mechanisms in topographic mapping…………………………….a. NMDAR structure and mechanism of activation……………………………… b.Patterned activity guides the development of the visual system through NMDARs………………………………………………………..………………….... c.A model for NMDAR-mediated structural refinement…………...…………….d.Timing-dependent plasticity in the retinotectal system……………………….. e. Ca +2 -dependent NMDAR signaling…………………………………………… f.Metabotropic NMDAR signaling…………………………………………........ IV.Axonal competition in retinotectal development………………………………….….. V. Rationale and objectives……………………………………………………………….VI.References……………………………………………………………………………...52 Chapter 2: Expression patterns of Ephs and ephrins throughout retinotectal development in Xenopus laevis……………………………………………………………………………... I. Preface………………………………………………………………………………… a. Context and rationale………………………………………………………… b.Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….II.Abstract………………………………………………………………………………... III.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….IV.Methods……………………………………………………………………………….. a. Animals………………………………………………………………………... b. Whole-mount staining………………………………………………………… c.Labeling of retinal projection………………………………………………… d.Staining of sections…………………………………………………………….e. Binocularly innervated frogs………………………………………………….f.Image analysis………………………………………………………………… V. Results………………………………………………………………………………… a. Ephrin-A expression…………………………………………………………... b.EphA expression……………………………………………………………….c.EphB expression……………………………………………………………….d.Ephrin-B expression………………………………………………………….. e. Eph and ephrin expression patterns in adult Xenopus brain………………... f.EphA and ephrin-A expression patterns in binocularly innervated Xenopus tectum………………………………………………………………………….VI.Discussion……………………………………………………………………………... VII.References……………………………………………………………………………... Chapter 3: Presynaptic NMDA receptors promote axonal branching and spontaneous release in the visual system of Xenopus laevis…………………………………………….. I. Preface………………………………………………………………………………… a. Context and rationale………………………………………………………… b.Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….. II.Abstract………………………………………………………………………………... III.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….110 IV.Methods……………………………………………………………………………….. a. Animals………………………………………………………………………... b.Loading of antisense oligonucleotide and transfection with DNA…………….c. Imaging……………………………………………………………………….. d.Electrophysiology……………………………………………………………... e. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization……………………………….…….f.Western blot……………………………………………………………….…... g.Statistics……………………………………………………………………….. V. Results……………………………………………………………………………….… a. NMDA receptors are expressed throughout the retinotectal system………….. b.NMDA drives calcium influx through preNMDARs on RGC axon terminals… c.GluN2B-containing preNMDARs promote spontaneous neurotransmission….d.NMDARs on RGCs promote axonal arbor branching………………………… e. NMDAR-mediated axonal branching is only partially dependent on calcium influx…………………………………………………………………………... f.Ionotropic and metabotropic NMDAR activation promotes spontaneous glutamate release………………………………………………………………………….VI.Discussion……………………………………………………………………………... VII.References……………………………………………………………………………... Chapter 4: Discussion………………………………………………………………………... I. Summary……………………………………………………………………………….II.Guidance of RGCs by Ephs/Ephrins………………………………………………….. a.The Role of EphB/ephrin-B in retinotectal development……………………… b.Does activity regulate Eph/Ephrin expression and signaling.........
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".