The effects of construction-induced vibrations on the stability of natural clayey riverbanks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The stability of river banks has always been a concern for land-use planners, stakeholders as well as the City of Winnipeg. Construction activities can generate different types of stress waves and ground vibrations. Operations such as blasting, pile driving, dynamic compaction for ground improvement purposes, and in-situ geotechnical investigation testing such as the Standard Penetration Test are the primary sources of construction-induced ground vibrations. To address slope instability, several techniques have been employed. Enhancing the slope stability can be done by building toe berms, armouring the slope along the waterline, constructing granular shear keys, and soil nailing. Constructing retaining walls with anchoring is another expensive but effective measure. One of the strategies adopted by the City of Winnipeg to mitigate the instability of the riverbank is to install rockfill columns. However, the installation of rockfill columns using vibro-impact sources, on the contrary, can generate ground vibrations leading to instability of the slopes due to compromising the ground conditions and altering the pore water pressure. This research aims to study the instability of river banks subjected to construction-induced vibrations. The soil deformations, variations of pore water pressure, and the level of vibrations of the Seine riverbank in the City of Winnipeg were monitored prior to, during the stabilization, and after installing a set of rockfill columns using sensing instruments including inclinometers, vibrating wire piezometers, accelerometers and geophones. The Finite Difference Method is used to simulate the impacts of vibrations numerically and the results compared to the field monitoring data. Also, the effects of construction-induced vibrations on global and local instability due to the shear failure in the soil layers are outlined. The numerical analysis demonstrated that despite the construction-induced vibrations remaining below the prescribed vibration thresholds set by the United States Bureau of Mines (1980), Office of Surface Mining and Reclamation Enforcement (1983), and the City of Toronto (2008), the occurrence of tensile cracks at the apex of the riverbank and various significant failure patterns were observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".