Functional and bioactive properties of protein isolates and hydrolysates from \ncamelina and sophia seed meals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Camelina and sophia meals, often seen as by-products from these oilseed crops, are \npromising resources in the battle against food waste due to their high nutrient content. \nThese by-products, rich in proteins, fibers, essential amino acids, and antioxidants, could \nbe repurposed as functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals, thus enhancing food's \nnutritional value. These meals align with sustainability goals, as they can decrease waste \nand promote a circular economy. The rising consumer interest in plant-based diets and \nalternative protein sources further highlights their potential as valuable food products. \nFurther research could position these oilseed by-products as crucial players in reducing \nfood waste and creating nutritious, functional, and sustainable food products. \nThis research involved the acquisition of camelina protein isolates (CPI) and sophia \nprotein isolates (SPI) through the application of traditional and ultrasonic-assisted \nextraction methods. We conducted a detailed examination of the protein isolates using \nsodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and explored \ntheir functional characteristics. It was notable that the application of ultrasonic extraction \nresulted in a substantial improvement in the functional properties of both camelina and \nsophia protein isolates, which included increased protein solubility, water holding capacity, \noil absorption capacity, as well as emulsifying and foaming properties. \nFurthermore, this study focused on using sophia and camelina seed meals to produce \nprotein hydrolysates through enzymatic processes (Alcalase and Flavourzyme). The \nantioxidant activities of these protein hydrolysates were examined using in vitro methods \nsuch as free radical scavenging activity, namely the 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline�6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl \nradical scavenging ability, and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) as well as \nreducing power and bioactivities such as inhibitory activities against the oxidation of LDL \ncholesterol and DNA strand breakage. In addition, bioinformatics methods were employed \nto predict bioactive peptides. The research mainly investigated to release of potent \nantioxidative, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides and dipeptidyl \npeptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors using in silico approaches. The protein hydrolysates \nderived from sophia and camelina exhibited superior radical scavenging activity compared \nto protein isolates, particularly against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Especially in the case of \ncamelina peptide fractions, smaller-size peptides showed significantly higher radical \nscavenging activity and potency than larger-size peptides. The hydrolysates produced with \nthe Alcalase enzyme demonstrated the highest capacity for scavenging hydroxyl radicals \nand exhibited excellent oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Additionally, the hydrolysates \nshowed inhibitory effects on LDL cholesterol oxidation and protected against DNA damage \ncaused by hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. The study successfully employed bioinformatics \nmethods to predict bioactive peptides, revealing that the selected peptides exhibited both \nACE and DPP IV inhibitory activities. Importantly, all resistant peptides to digestion were \nfound to be non-toxic. Furthermore, the in silico prediction based on physicochemical \nproperties and Lipinski's rule of five suggested that most peptides possess favorable drug�like properties. \nThese findings indicate that the protein isolates and hydrolysates derived from \ncamelina and sophia seed meal have desirable functional properties and exhibit antioxidant \nactivities. As a result, they are considered valuable sources of bioactive peptides for \ndeveloping available food ingredients and nutraceutical products. Therefore, \ncamelina/sophia protein hydrolysates show promise as functional food ingredients and \nnutraceuticals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".