Examining the mediating role of cardiovascular disease risk factors on the association between physical activity and global cognitive scores in community-dwelling middle-aged and older females
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline are significant contributors to global mortality and morbidity. Physical activity (PA) has emerged as a modifiable factor with positive effects on various aspects of health across different age groups. While many studies has identified direct relationships between PA and cognition, PA and CVD risk factors, and cognition and CVD risk factors, limited research has investigated the potential mediating role of CVD risk factors in the relationship between PA and cognition, particularly among older adults. This thesis aimed to fill this gap by utilizing a cross-sectional study design and secondary analysis of data from the Women’s Advanced Risk-Assessment in Manitoba (WARM) Hearts cardiovascular screening study. The study explored the mediating role of both composite and individual CVD risk factors on the association between PA and cognition in community-dwelling middle-aged and older females. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro (version 4.3) for SPSS. PA and specifically moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with cognitive performance through body mass index (BMI) and frailty index (FI), but not through a composite CVD risk factor or other individual CVD risk factors, such as systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, arterial stiffness, and blood markers. The lack of significant mediating effects of CVD-specific risk factors suggests that the cognitive benefits of PA, particularly MVPA, may be more strongly linked to general health indicators such as BMI and FI rather than through CVD-specific pathways. These results imply that older females may see cognitive benefits through the maintenance of BMI and FI by engaging in PA and specifically MVPA. By investigating these relationships, this thesis provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the association between PA, cognition, and CVD risk factors in middle-aged and older females. The findings may inform interventions aimed at promoting cognitive and overall health in this population, emphasizing the importance of regular engagement in PA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".