Investigating the relationships among depression and anxiety symptoms, self-esteem and physical activity in women treated for breast cancer: a pilot study comparing two physical activity interventions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is a low-cost accessible intervention that may help breast cancer survivors (BCS) achieve optimal physical and mental health. However, few BCS meet current recommendations for PA. The objectives of this pilot study were four-fold. The first objective was to compare two 12-week community-based interventions on PA levels, self-esteem and depression and anxiety symptoms in BCS. In one intervention, BCS received a free membership to the Curves training program, and in the other, BCS participated in an independent lifestyle program (LET) that encouraged leisure activities using Canada's PA Guide to Healthy Active Living. The second objective was to compare compliance with the recommended PA levels between the two groups, and the third objective was to use the exercise and self-esteem model (EXSEM) to examine the relationships among changes in PA, self-esteem and depression and anxiety symptoms in BCS. A final objective was to compare participants who had increased their PA, independent of intervention group, with participants who maintained or decreased their PA, using the EXSEM variables. Participants included 30 BCS aged 33-74 years (Mage = 55.7, SD = 8.9). Most participants reported being Caucasian (n=26; 86.7%), married (n=16; 53.3%), having children (n=24; 86.7%), being English-speaking (n=20; 66.7%) and having at least a high school education (n=25; 86.7%). Participants were diagnosed with stage 0 through IV breast cancer and reported a range of treatments. Data were collected in mailed questionnaires at baseline, six weeks, and 12 weeks after baseline. Participants in the two intervention groups did not differ at baseline in socio-demographic, behavioural or clinical characteristics. The Curves group had higher PA levels initially than the LET group, and PA levels decreased over time. Physical activity in the LET group increased over 12 weeks, however the increases were not statistically significant. A higher percentage of women in the CurvesTM group complied with PA recommendations, compared to the LET group. The correlations among EXSEM variables and depression and anxiety symptoms suggested that the model was partially supported by these data, and that physical competence may be an important self-esteem variable among BCS. Overall these data suggest that feasible community-based interventions such as the LET and CurvesTM may help increase PA among BCS. More research is needed to identify types of interventions that are suitable, effective, and feasible for BCS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".