Jim Crow and the New South Granite Industry in DeKalb County, Georgia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stone Mountain’s famous monument to the Lost Cause of the Confederacy and its association with the revitalized Ku Klux Klan from its rebirth on the mountain’s summit in 1915 connected the granite mountain to a twentieth-century culture of white supremacy. Stone Mountain’s material history of work and social change that characterized the end of the nineteenth century reveals a forgotten foundation beneath the emergence of Confederate memory as the dominant interpretation of the mountain’s past and illustrates how anti-Black racism in the United States has never been limited to cultural or linguistic expressions. Specifically, processes that unfolded in DeKalb County, Georgia in the decades that followed Reconstruction connected the history of the region’s nascent granite industry with the development of Jim Crow. First, the quarrying of granite encouraged industrial and urban development, attracted workers to the region, and precipitated new ways of living and working in this landscape. Then in their efforts to build an empire of granite at the end of the nineteenth century, white capitalists embraced the burgeoning Jim Crow racial order to segregate workers and weaken the local labor movement. Ultimately, even as unions fought to organize and both white and Black workers honed their skills, the geology of granite itself provided a metaphor of the supposed permanence of the Jim Crow order and helped transform DeKalb County’s granite from a New South natural resource into a symbol of white supremacy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".