Molecular epidemiology of chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance among porcine Escherichia Coli in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and distribution of three chloramphenicol resistance genes ('catA1, cmlA,' and ' floR') among three different populations of porcine 'E. coli ' from Ontario. By comparison to the distribution of three kanamycin resistance genes ('aphA1, aphA2,' and 'aadA'), whose presence is selected for by the use of neomycin, one can attempt to draw conclusions as to why chloramphenicol resistance is still prevalent among pathogenic 'E. coli' isolates in North America 20 years after its ban. The clustering of the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes ' catA1, sul1, aadA, elt, estB,' and 'astA' on the conjugative plasmid, pRENT-1 may be responsible for this persistence. A detailed characterization of pRENT-1 revealed a mosaic structure, resulting from the recombinations of several plasmids from different origins. pRENT-1 is widespread among porcine ETEC isolates in Ontario and may have emerged in a new O149:H10 clone previously shown to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality in swine populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".