Mixing Mathematics and Morality: Precarity and Moral Hazard in Employment Insurance and Personal Insolvency Law
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines how financially precarious Canadians face particular challenges to accessing the benefits of employment insurance and personal insolvency because these two systems include features designed to guard against moral hazard. However, these design features do not adequately account for how an increasing number of Canadians are precariously employed and precariously indebted. This article synthesizes the research on precarious employment in Canada, and uses it to suggest how one might conceptualize precarious indebtedness. It then traces how the Canadian employment insurance and personal insolvency systems treat characteristics of financial precarity as evidence of misconduct. As a result, precariously employed and indebted Canadians have difficulty accessing income supports and debt relief. These cascading barriers compound the economic hardship of financially precarious Canadians—a result that is inhumane, inequitable, economically counterproductive, and politically destabilizing.\nCet article examine comment les Canadiens en situation de précarité financière rencontrent des difficultés particulières pour accéder aux prestations de l’assurance emploi et de l’insolvabilité personnelle, car ces deux systèmes comportent des caractéristiques conçues pour se prémunir contre l’aléa moral. Cependant, ces caractéristiques ne tiennent pas compte de la façon dont un nombre croissant de Canadiens ont un emploi précaire et sont endettés de façon précaire. Cet article synthétise les recherches sur l’emploi précaire au Canada et les utilise pour suggérer comment conceptualiser l’endettement précaire. Il retrace ensuite la manière dont les systèmes canadiens d’assurance-emploi et d’insolvabilité personnelle traitent les caractéristiques de la précarité financière comme des preuves de mauvaise conduite. En conséquence, les Canadiens précaires et endettés ont des difficultés à accéder aux aides au revenu et à l’allègement de la dette. Ces obstacles en cascade aggravent les difficultés économiques des Canadiens en situation de précarité financière—un résultat inhumain, inéquitable, économiquement contre-productif et politiquement déstabilisant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.031 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".