Occupational Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Breast Cancer Risk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has potential protective and confirmed detrimental effects on cancer risk. Several studies have examined recreational sun exposure in relation to breast cancer risk, and a recent meta-analysis found that moderate sun exposure (1 to <2 hours/day) was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. Only one previous study in Canada has investigated sun exposure and breast cancer risk in an occupational setting. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the relationship between occupational solar UVR and breast cancer risk in Canada. Methods: A case-cohort study was conducted utilizing data from the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (CanPath) prospective cohort study. Questionnaires were completed at baseline to obtain information on sun exposure, current and longest job held, and breast cancer risk factors. Cancer outcomes were ascertained via linkage with provincial cancer registries and administrative databases. Longest held job at baseline was linked to a job exposure matrix to assign exposure to occupational solar UVR. Breast cancer risk estimates (hazard ratios [HR]) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a weighted Cox proportional hazard’s regression model with age as the timescale. Results: A total of 1,822 breast cancer cases met eligibility criteria from the underlying cohort and a random sample of 7,361 female participants were selected for the subcohort. The prevalence of occupational exposure to solar UVR was 2.2% in the case-cohort. HRs (1.14 (95% CI 0.84-1.54)] do not suggest that occupational solar UVR has a protective or detrimental effect on the risk of breast cancer for Canadian females. When analyzed by menopausal status, the risk for pre-menopausal breast cancer was elevated, but not statistically significant (HR=1.66 [95% CI 0.93-.95]). Occupational solar UVR was not associated with the risk of breast cancer for post-menopausal Canadian females. Conclusion: Previous research has focused on recreational sun exposure. The present study is the second to examine the relationship between occupational sun exposure and breast cancer in Canada and suggests that occupational exposure to UVR, may increase breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal females.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".