The relationship between white matter lesion volume with vascular stiffness, mobility and cognitive performance in older adults with vascular cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Sub-cortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI) is the most prevalent form of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). Previous studies have shown that Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (CF-PWV), cognitive function, mobility performance and blood pressure are related to White Matter Lesions (WMLs) volume, but whether these associations exist in those with mild SIVCI is unclear. Thus, in this study of older adults with mild SIVCI, I examined four questions: 1) What is the association between total, deep and periventricular WMLs volume on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with CF-PWV? 2) What are the associations between total, deep and periventricular WMLs volume and measures of global cognitive function and executive function? 3) What is the association between total, deep and periventricular WMLs volume with mobility performance? 4) What is the association between total, deep and periventricular WMLs volume with systolic and diastolic blood pressure? Methods: The data of 34 participants diagnosed with mild SIVCI were used for this cross-sectional analysis. Measures of interest included global cognitive function tests, such as Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Executive functions were assessed with paper Stroop test, Trails Making Tests (A&B) and animal fluency. Mobility performance was assessed with the Time Up and Go test (TUG) and usual gait speed. CF-PWV was measured using the Complior System (ALAM Medical, France). WMLs volume was quantified for the total, deep and periventricular WMLs with a semi-automated technique. Results: We did not find an association between total or periventricular WMLs volume with CF-PWV, executive function, global cognitive function, mobility performance or blood pressure. Deep WMLs volume was associated with Trails B-A and animal category fluency but not associated with measures of global cognitive function. Deep WMLs volume was significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: In this exploratory analysis, deep WMLs volume is associated with executive function and diastolic blood pressure. While systolic hypertension has been strongly linked to large vessel stroke events which are commonly complicated by post stroke cognitive impairment and dementia, our findings provide possible mechanistic insight to previous studies that found association between diastolic blood pressure and cognitive decline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".