Song Description and Individual Variation in Males of the Common Pauraque (nyctidromus Albicollis)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resumen.-Descripción del canto y variación individual en los machos del cuyeo (Nyctidromus albicollis).-El conocimiento acerca del comportamiento vocal de las especies de Caprimulgidae es escaso y sólo incluye observaciones anecdóticas sobre los despliegues vocales, o breves descripciones usadas en análisis taxonómicos.Hasta ahora, dentro de ninguna especie se ha investigado ni descrito la estructura espectral ni temporal de sus vocalizaciones en una población.Brindamos la primera descripción espectrográfica de las vocalizaciones de los machos, y analizamos la variación individual en una población de cuyeos (Nyctidromus albicollis), un habitante de tierras bajas que se distribuye desde el sur de Texas hasta el noreste de Argentina, los cuales se congregan para cantar.Grabamos las vocalizaciones de 17 machos en el bosque seco estacional del Parque Nacional Palo Verde, Costa Rica.Encontramos cuatro individuos cantando solos, cuatro en pares y nueve en tríos.Las vocalizaciones producidas por los machos duraron en promedio 2.39 ± 0.91 s, tuvieron un ámbito de frecuencia de 320.6 Hz la más baja y 3333.0Hz la más alta.Encontramos variación individual significativa dentro de la población, basada en características del canto, lo que sugiere que el canto refleja la identidad del macho.También, nuestro análisis preliminar mostró que los individuos en grupos fueron más similares en sus vocalizaciones de lo que fueron con los individuos en grupos distantes.Abstract.-Knowledge of the vocal behavior in the goatsuckers family (Caprimulgidae) is scarce and includes primarily anecdotal observations of vocal displays or brief descriptions used in taxonomic analyses.Until now, neither spectral or temporal structures of within-species vocalizations have been investigated and described at the population level in Caprimulgidae.Here we provide the first spectrographic description of male vocalizations, and analyze individual vocal variation within a population of Common Pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis).This species occurs from southern Texas to northeastern Argentina, and congregates to sing during the night.We recorded vocalizations of 17 males in the seasonal dry forest of Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica.Of these 17 males, four birds sang solo, four sang in pairs, and nine sang as part of a trio.Songs produced by males lasted on average 2.39 ± 0.91 s, and ranged in frequency from 320.6 Hz, the lowest recorded per individual, to 3333.0 Hz, the highest recorded per individual.We found significant individual variation in song features within the population, suggesting that male song encodes individual identity.Also, our preliminary analyses showed that individuals in groups were more similar in their song than they were to individuals in distant groups.Accepted 9 March 2011.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".