Two Contemporary Queens Named Ahhotep at the Dawn of the Eighteenth Dynasty: Evidence from the Sources and the Bracelet Cairo JE 4685
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The identity of the queen(s) called Ahhotep has long been a topic of fascination for scholars, resulting in countless hypotheses and scenarios surrounding her/their identity and genealogy. Amongst the hundreds of theories, one fact is indisputable: one queen Ahhotep was the mother of Ahmose Nebpehtyre, the founder of the glorious Eighteenth Dynasty. Her role in the reunification of Egypt after the Hyksos interlude was of great importance and remembered for centuries after that. However, there was also another queen named Ahhotep, who was buried in a rishi coffin with rich and unparalleled burial equipment found in the hills of Dra Abu el-Naga by Auguste Mariette in 1859. In the inscriptions on the coffin, Ahhotep was juts labelled as "great king's wife", but - despite the lack of the title of king's mother - scholars have identified her with Ahmose's mother, due to the lavish set of objects in her coffin. This paper aims to provide an organic analysis of the available sources related to a queen named Ahhotep, demonstrating the existence of two queens named Ahhotep. The source of our confusion can be given by the fact that the two queens may have lived approximately simultaneously, as evidenced by the use, restoration, and readaptation of the Cairo JE 4685 bracelet found in the coffin of Dra Abu el-Naga.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".