The status of introductory college chemistry in accredited colleges and universities /
Bibliographic record
Abstract
in a specific and indicated direction, and thus reflecting a recognizable change of tendency or emphasis.Accredited Institutions are those institutions of higher education in the continental United States that are accredited by the nation's six regional associations of schools and colleges as listed on page vii of the Accredited Institutions of Higher Education, September, 1967, American Council on Higher Education, Washington, D. C. Introductory College Chemistry refers to the first-year college chemistry course which receives credit under the title "chemistry" and meets the prerequisite requirement for further chemistry courses in a college curriculum.CHAPTER II THE NEED FOR THE SURVEY 1910, was following classical lines; i.e., as the body of knowledge increased, systematic branches of chemistry appeared and so did the proliferation of chemistry courses.^^Carhart and Chute, in Woodburn and O b o u m , Teaching the Pursuit of Science.New York: MacMillan Company, 1965, p. 193.^^Woodburn and Obourn, p. 194.z^Yalman, p. 143. .13 Prior to and succeeding World War I, forces began to emerge which caused the chemistry professors to shift their chemistry offerings to meet new demands.According to Merwin,^® these influential forces were the seven cardinal principles of secondary education, 1918,2® the final report of the Committee on Sciences of the Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education, 1920,®® and Frederick J. Kelley's study of the liberal arts colleges.®^The Seven Cardinal Principles listed objectives of edu cation and the Committee on Sciences endorsed and recommended general chemistry for various curricula.Kelley's study called attention to the need for definite aims and made some suggestions, which in some cases, at least, appear to have stimulated and served as guides for the selection of additional courses in freshman chemistry.The combined influences of these forces produced a strong shift to the practical, the useful, in all school subjects; and an attempt was made to offer those subjects that will best fit the student for life in his community.First-year college chem istry courses and specialized chemistry courses were recommended for various curricula such as household chemistry and industrial chemistry.The first-year college chemistry course, as a result of these forces, was considerably modified.The time devoted to laboratory was lessened and 2®B.W.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".