Pre-diagnosis morbidity related to health care utilization in young women with breast cancer : a matched case-control study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background- Early-onset breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Canadian women aged 30-39. There is much that is not known about what causes this disease. Many of the potential risk factors associated with this disease have strong hormonal, inflammatory or immunologic mechanisms, and may be reflected in morbidity prior to diagnosis. Research Question- This study addresses the question: Is morbidity in the five years prior to diagnosis associated with an increased risk of early-onset breast cancer? The primary objective of this study is to describe the extent and patterns of non-cancer morbidity in women diagnosed with breast cancer by age 40, and to compare them with similarly-aged women without a breast cancer by that age. Methods- A total of 1132 female breast cancer patients diagnosed in British Columbia from 1999 to 2008 inclusive were identified through the provincial cancer registry; 1302 female birth year-matched comparators were randomly selected from the provincial health insurance registry. Linked provincial registry, clinical, and healthcare administrative data were used to examine the morbidity experience of subjects for five years before the breast cancer diagnosis or matched date among controls. Morbidity was measured using Johns Hopkins ACG System Aggregated Diagnostic Group (ACG) codes. A multivariate conditional logistic regression model estimated the association between ACG grouping and breast cancer incidence using a one-tailed significance level of α = 0.05. Results- Five (pregnancy, prevention, signs and symptoms/major, unstable orthopedic and stable eye) of 32 ACGs were statistically significantly higher among women with breast cancer than the population sample in at least two of the five years prior to diagnosis. The ACG for asthma produced results of interest. The majority of significant results were observed two to three years preceding diagnosis. Discussion- The increased rate of major signs and symptoms, and asthma, in particular, among young women with breast cancer may point to important underlying risks in this population. Given the number of breast cancer risk factors that have strong associations with hormonal mechanisms, such as reproductive health, hormonal conditions may determine whether lifestyle and other risk factors lead to carcinogenesis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".