Limitations in physical performance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show deficits in physical performance, including skeletal muscle dysfunction (atrophy, weakness), and activity limitation due to fatigue, dyspnea, and pain. Little is known about the pattern of pain and muscle dysfunction and how they impact physical performance in people with COPD. Based on the components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (i.e. body structure, body function, and activity limitation), the purposes of this thesis were to examine patients with COPD to determine: 1) thigh muscle shape and size changes; 2) the severity, interference, and characteristics of pain; 3) how comorbidities relate to pain; 4) the relationships between pain and physical performance (muscle strength, walk distance, and daily physical activity). Methods and Results: Three sets of cross-sectional experiments were performed. Study 1: Size and shape descriptors derived from magnetic resonance imaging of thighs were compared in COPD patients to healthy people. Muscle atrophy and shape changes were common and non-uniformly distributed among individual thigh muscles compared to healthy people (Chapter 2). Study 2: A survey study demonstrated that pain severity and interference (measured by the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Brief Pain Inventory) were higher in people with COPD compared to age- and gender-matched controls (n=47 per group). The number of comorbidities was an independent correlate of pain severity in COPD (Chapter 3). A second analysis of the survey data was performed on a larger sample of COPD patients who experienced pain (n=54) further explored the pattern of comorbidities and pain. The number of comorbidities was associated with pain severity and interference; musculoskeletal and endocrine conditions contribute to pain severity; and people with COPD were under-treated for pain (Chapter 4). Study 3: This cross-sectional study demonstrated that pain was associated with a lower six-minute walk test, shorter active and standing times, and longer sedentary times (measured by three-dimensional accelerometry), and increased body mass index (Chapter 5). In summary, regional muscle atrophy might contribute to deficits in muscle performance in people with COPD. In addition, pain is significant in people with COPD and can be considered as an activity-limiting factor in COPD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".