The role of watersheds in determining the population structure of Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii), a fragmented species at risk in southwestern Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blanding's turtle is a long-lived, late maturing species with strong site affinities, characteristics that conspire against the ability of this species to adapt to rapid environmental change. In Nova Scotia, Blanding's turtle is at the northeastern periphery of its range, existing only in small isolated populations. To date, two distinct populations (KNP and McGowan Lake) have been recognized and characterized. The KNP and McGowan Lake populations exist on adjacent watersheds (Mersey, Medway), and have been shown to have measurable population genetic structure, despite the small distance (<15km) separating them. We hypothesise that watershed structure is the principal influence on population genetic structure and may therefore account for the measured genetic distance between these adjacent populations. The population examined in this study (Pleasant River) exists on the Medway watershed, approximately 15km from the McGowan Lake population. Genotyping of the Pleasant River population, which shares a watershed with only the McGowan Lake population, allows for an explicit test of our hypothesis. Trapping and radio-telemetry in the Pleasant River region of Nova Scotia over a five month interval led to a sample size of n=27 in this newly discovered subpopulation. The Pleasant River population was found to be approximately as genetically differentiated from McGowan Lake (Fsi=0.04201 P=0.00750+/-0.0008) as KNP is from McGowan Lake (Fsr=0.04159 P=0.00201+/-0.0004), despite being on the same watershed. These data therefore suggest that watershed may not be the defining element in population genetic structure. Population pairwise Fsr tests performed using, the three areas of concentration in Pleasant River suggest that there is population subdivision even within this small, isolated population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".