How the left was won: Canada's New Democratic Party in the age of globalisation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) was founded in 1961 after the Canadian Commonwealth Federation (CCF) repeatedly failed to achieve its political ambitions in the 1940s and 50s. What appeared to be rising political fortunes for the political Left came to a sudden halt following the 1988 general election when the party's support collapsed at the polls and has not yet since fully recovered. Our analysis of this phenomenon is enlightened by Giddens's structuration theory. Giddens argues that structure and agency mutually reinforce each other through the exercise of recurring social practices, which in turn influence future agency through their unacknowledged and unintended consequences. We argue, therefore, that the NDP's electoral collapse was significantly the result of mutating economic transnational structures that penetrated and became embedded in the Canadian electorate's collective consciousness before the party was able (or willing) to adapt its policies accordingly. We first examine the structural principles that led to the formation of Canadian social democracy throughout the 20th century, and then analyse two alternative responses (New Labour and the New Social Movements) to the emergence of globalisation before coming back to the NDP's own response to these structural changes. We find that the NDP has little chance of achieving greater electoral success unless it embraces the forces of the market in the way New Labour has, or of countering the invasion of the public sphere by the private interests of transnational capital unless it successfully re-defines politics in the way the New Social Movements have attempted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".