Examination of metals in gastropods to determine the potential for accumulation in the Border Marsh Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Border Marsh Region (BMR), located on the Isthmus of Chignecto, is a major feeding ground for waterfowl and contains significant coastal wetland systems. The purpose of this study was to examine various open water wetland sites across the BMR to explore the potential for bioaccumulation of Pb and As in higher trophic level species. A previous study indicated elevated Pb and As concentrations in bottom sediments at most wetland sites. Gastropods were chosen to sample as vectors for metal transfer to waterfowl and it was hypothesized that gastropods would accumulate these metals in similar concentrations to their bottom sediment. Eleven sites were sampled, and relative element concentrations in gastropods were analyzed using a XRF spectrometer and compared to sediment concentrations. Results showed there were no significant correlations between Pb and As concentrations in sediment and gastropods, however these concentrations distinguished sediment and gastropods between brackish ponds, freshwater ponds constructed by Ducks Unlimited Canada and a freshwater lake. Although Pb and As concentrations in gastropods were not toxic, there were three important observations: i) the greatest proportions of Pb and As concentrations in gastropods to sediment were detected in the natural brackish ponds, ii) As was detected in gastropods from all sites whereas Pb was only detected in gastropods from the brackish ponds and the freshwater lake, and iii) As concentrations in gastropods were higher in recently constructed freshwater ponds. Wetland chemistries, and/or gastropod physiologies are likely critical factors in determining whether Pb and As will bioaccumulate in gastropods, and warrant further investigation for wetland management strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".