Distribution, prevalence, mean intensity, relative density and life history implications of helminths in coyotes of Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coyotes (Canis latrans) are widely distributed in North America, and were first recorded in Nova Scotia in 1977. Common parasitic worms of coyotes outside of Nova Scotia include canine heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis), lungworms (Oslerus osleri) and tapeworms (Echinococcus spp.). However, the parasite fauna of coyotes from Nova Scotia has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine geographical range, prevalence, mean intensity and relative density of worm parasites in coyotes from Nova Scotia, and to investigate if prevalence, mean intensity and relative density were consistent among different age classes of this mammal. A total of 235 coyotes were collected from trappers in 2010 and 2011. Hearts, lungs and gastrointestinal tracts were removed from coyotes and examined for parasites. Teeth from lower jaws were examined to assess the age of each coyote. Crenosoma vulpis and O. osleri, two species of lungworms, were by far the most prevalent parasites, found in 31% and 37% of coyotes, respectively, throughout the province. There was a mean intensity of 6.9 adult C. vulpis and 8.9 nodules of O. osleri in infected coyotes across all age classes, but a significant difference in the mean intensity of either parasite was not observed among different age classes. There was a relative density of 2.1 C. vulpis and 3.4 O. osleri in coyotes sampled across all age classes, with a significantly higher density of each parasite in juveniles. Uncinaria stenocephala (hookworm), Toxocara canis (intestinal roundworm), Alaria spp. (intestinal fluke), and Taenia spp. (tapeworm) were present at lower prevalences. The life history implications of these novel findings will be discussed in relation to the possibility of parasite transmission to domestic dogs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".