Data and code for "Learning to stand with delays alters sensorimotor control but does not cause instability when returning to natural balance"
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Includes data and code to replicate the figures and statistical tests from "Learning to stand with delays alters sensorimotor control but does not cause instability when returning to natural balance" Abstract: To maintain a bipedal posture, humans must compensate for inherent sensorimotor delays from neural conduction times and electromechanical delays. Aging and certain neurological disorders increase these delays; so, it is crucial that we adapt our control of balance to compensate for the uncertainty associated with acting on delayed sensory information. Although humans can adapt to imposed delays of 400 ms, the mechanisms underlying the adaptation process remain unknown because gross balance instability or errors are absent when returning to balancing without delays. To investigate this, we used a robotic balance simulator to impose delays of 250 ms while participants balanced upright. We characterized and modelled the adjustments in motor commands required to adapt to the addition and removal of delays. Following 20 minutes of adaptation, participants successfully maintained their balance with the imposed delay. When the delay was abruptly removed, participants remained upright with minimal changes in their whole-body oscillations, but we observed transient (5-20 s) increases in the spectral power between 1-2 Hz in the net ankle torques and lower limb muscle activity. Our model revealed that increased sensorimotor gains led to spectral changes in the balance motor commands. Our results indicate that increased sensorimotor gains are necessary to adapt balance control to longer delays and that these gains remained transiently elevated after the removal of the delays without resulting in postural instability. This highlights the remarkable adaptability of human balance control, revealing that the nervous system can flexibly adjust sensorimotor strategies to maintain balance under changing conditions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.353 | 0.055 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".