Effectiveness of Root-Boring Knapweed Weevil (Cyphocleonus achates Fåhr.) Herbivory on Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe Lam.) in Kamloops, BC: A Five-year Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) is an Eurasian plant now invasive across North America. The root-boring knapweed weevil (Cyphocleonus achates) is one of 13 approved biocontrol agents. In 2017 and 2018, root-boring knapweed weevils were released at 15 sites across Kamloops, BC, Canada. This study is a five-year follow-up on the possible effects of C. achates on spotted knapweed density, distribution, and vigour. The presence of weevils was determined by destructive sampling that included plant extraction and root dissection. Plant height, number of stems, flowers, and buds was also recorded per plant. At the population level, infestation size and plant density was recorded. There was no consistent effect found at the individual plant level between those attacked by the weevil versus those unattacked. Additionally, there was no change in population size or density when compared to parameters from 2017/18. These lack of results is likely due to the short time frame of this study. The sites studied may be too different from those that have shown to be successful in other studies. Further research is required to better understand how spotted knapweed can be effectively controlled in the Kamloops area.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".