Retrospective Cohort Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnancy Outcomes for Women Living with HIV in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: For pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH), engagement in care is crucial to maternal health and reducing the risk of perinatal transmission. To date, there have been no studies in Canada examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant WLWH. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study assessing the impact of the pandemic on perinatal outcomes for pregnant WLWH using data from the Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program in British Columbia (BC), Canada. We compared maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and clinical indicators related to engagement with care between a pre-pandemic (January 2017–March 2020) and pandemic cohort (March 2020–December 2022). We investigated preterm birth rates with explanatory variables using logistic regression analysis. Results: The pre-pandemic cohort (n=87) had a significantly (p<0.05) lower gestational age at first antenatal encounter (9.0 vs 11.8) and lower rates of preterm births compared to the pandemic cohort (n=56; 15% vs 37%). Adjusted odds of preterm birth increased with the presence of substance use in pregnancy (aOR=10.45, 95% CI=2.19-49.94) in WLWH. There were two cases of perinatal transmission of HIV in the pandemic cohort, while the pre-pandemic cohort had none. Conclusions: The pandemic had pronounced effects on pregnant WLWH and their infants in BC including higher rates of preterm birth and higher gestational age at first antenatal encounter. The non-statistically significant increase in perinatal transmission rates is of high clinical importance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".