Spectrum and RAN Sharing: How to Avoid Cross-Subsidization While Taking Full Advantage of Massive MU-MIMO?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Motivated by the need to use spectrum more efficiently, this paper investigates fine grained spectrum sharing (FGSS) in Multi-User massive MIMO (MU-mMIMO) systems where a neutral host enables users from different operators to share the same resource blocks. To be accepted by operators, FGSS must i) guarantee isolation so that the load of one operator does not impact the performance of another, and ii) avoid crosssubsidization whereby one operator gains more from sharing than another. We first formulate and solve an offline problem to assess the potential performance gains of FGSS with respect to the static spectrum sharing case, where operators have fixed separate subbands, and find that the gains can be significant, motivating the development for online solutions for FGSS. Transitioning from an offline to an online study presents unique challenges, including the lack of apriori knowledge regarding the performance of the fixed sharing case that is required to ensure isolation and cross-subsidization avoidance. We overcome these challenges and propose an online algorithm that is fast and significantly outperforms the static case. The main finding is that FGSS for a MU-mMIMO downlink system is doable in a way that is“safe” to operators and brings large gains in spectrum efficiency (e.g., for 4 operators, a gain above 60% is seen in many cases).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".