High-performance dual-polarization mode-order converter in thin-film lithium niobate
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mode-order converters are crucial components in multimode optical transmission and switching systems. Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has become a promising platform for scalable photonic integrated circuits due to its superior material properties. Here, we present a dual-polarization mode-order converter in TFLN to implement TE0–TE1, TE1–TE0, TM0–TM1, and TM1–TM0 mode conversion processes simultaneously. Numerical simulations show that it can achieve an insertion loss below 0.28 dB and a total crosstalk lower than −25.4 dB over a 300-nm bandwidth. Then, to the best of our knowledge, a TFLN-based dual-polarization mode-order converter has been experimentally demonstrated for the first time, with an insertion loss below 1.09 dB and a crosstalk of each input mode lower than −21.4 dB within the 1500–1600 nm wavelength range. Owning to the low loss, low crosstalk, broad bandwidth, and high fabrication tolerance, the proposed device offers a scalable and efficient solution for hybrid multiplexing in advanced photonic networks.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it