Temperature-dependent fracture characterization of methacrylate adhesive-bonded glass fibre-reinforced reactive thermoplastic composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Mode I and Mode II fracture behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced reactive thermoplastics bonded with a methyl methacrylate adhesive was characterized under room temperature (RT) and low temperature (LT; –40 °C) conditions via double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notch flexural (ENF) tests at varying bond-line thicknesses. RT-DCB specimens exhibited a higher peak force, lower elastic stiffness, and higher initiation fracture toughness (77 % increase for thickest bond line) compared to LT-DCB specimens. Mode I initiation fracture toughness was insensitive to bond-line thickness at RT but decreased with increasing bond-line thickness at LT. RT-DCB specimens exhibited stable ductile cohesive failure. Conversely, LT-DCB specimens exhibited unstable oscillatory crack propagation between the substrates which was influenced by the substrate microstructure and caused by thermally-induced residual stresses in the adhesive layer. RT-ENF specimens exhibited higher peak force and a positive correlation with bond-line thickness, while LT-ENF specimens showed a negative correlation with bond-line thickness. All RT-ENF specimens were characterized by ductile cohesive fracture with consistent hackle formations, while LT-ENF specimens experienced brittle failure within the substrate characterized by fibre pullout and shear cusps between fibres. The fracture characterization results presented can contribute to optimizing the damage tolerance of corresponding adhesive-bonded components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".