ASSESSMENT OF WILD TURKEY–HUMAN CONFLICTS THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: In 2004, the Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Administrators charged the Northeast Wild Turkey Technical Committee with investigating wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)—human conflicts in urban—suburban communities throughout the wild turkey range. Our objectives were to evaluate the frequency, seasonality, and types of complaints associated with wild turkey—human conflicts in urban—suburban communities; determine the age and sex of wild turkeys generating complaints; and summarize the agencies or organizations responsible for the management techniques used to address these conflicts. We surveyed 49 states and Ontario. Eighty‐two percent of wildlife biologists reported wild turkey—human conflicts in urban—suburban communities. Commonly reported complaints included damage to landscape plantings (23%), wild turkey droppings (15%), aggressive birds making no human contact (12%), aggressive birds making human contact (9%), birds scratching motor vehicles (8%), and birds roosting on rooftops (8%). Wildlife biologists and agency law enforcement personnel primarily were responsible for addressing conflicts. In some jurisdictions, local animal control and municipal law enforcement were involved. The majority of problems were caused by male wild turkeys (60%) and occurred in the winter (47%) and spring (32%). Pen‐raised wild turkeys did not appear to cause many conflicts. Technical advice, physical harassment, and live capture and removal were used to address conflict situations. Agencies used a wide variety of methods to capture and remove wild turkeys, including rocket nets, drop nets, walk‐in traps, long‐handled nets, net guns, firearms, and drugged baits. The increasing incidence of wild turkey—human conflicts requires wildlife managers to continue monitoring conflict situations, evaluating management techniques, and developing proactive approaches, which may include informational brochures and press releases, to mitigate wild turkey—human conflicts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".