FEMALE EASTERN WILD TURKEY MOVEMENT AND HABITAT USE IN THE PEMBINA VALLEY, MANITOBA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkey) populations in southern Manitoba, Canada, have grown substantially since being introduced in the late 1950s, even though they are located well north of their native range. With a growing interest in turkey hunting across western Canada, and desires to expand the current population's distribution, there is a need to better understand movement and habitat used by turkeys in this novel environment. Therefore, we radiotagged 43 female turkeys from the Pembina Valley during 2011 and 2012 and collected baseline data on spring dispersal patterns, spring'summer home range size, and habitat use at 2 spatial scales. Spring dispersal occurred prior to 18 April during both years; distances averaged 8.2 km (95% CI = 6.4 to 10.1) for all individuals and were greater for juveniles (11.9 km, 95% CI = 8.4 to 15.4), than adults (6.4 km, 95% CI = 4.6 to 8.3). Spring'summer home ranges averaged 554.4 ha (95% CI = 427.0 to 681.9). At the study area scale, we selected forests, cattle feedlots, and grasslands (in decreasing order of preference) as habitat types. Within home ranges, females favored areas close to grasslands, forests, and intermittent streams during spring'summer. Our results suggest that turkeys at northern latitudes exhibit movements and habitat use consistent with other North American populations, confirming their adaptability and suggesting potential for further expansion within Canadian Prairies. We suggest that future releases in Manitoba and other northern jurisdictions use dispersal distances and home range land cover composition documented in this study as guidelines for selecting introduction sites and conducting prerelease consultations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".