Gated Delay Line Up-Down Counters for Mixed-Signal Processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An edge-triggered bi-directional gated delay line thermometer up-down counter is proposed and its principle and operation are detailed. The proposed counter is designed in a TSMC 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology with a reduced supply voltage of 0.8 V. Simulation results show the counter functions well at$\text{FF} / 0.8 ~\mathrm{V} /-20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, \text{TT} / 0.8 ~\mathrm{V} / 27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, \text{SS} / 0.8 ~\mathrm{V} / 60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, and 1 GHz with the presence of$\pm 10 \%$supply voltage noise. The proposed counter outperforms its MUX/DFF counterpart with 3x reduction in per-stage transistor count,$1.3 x$increase in the maximum frequency, and$1.14 x$reduction in the minimum supply voltage while consuming 38 % less power. The counter functions well at$\text{FF} / 0.5 ~\mathrm{V} /-20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, \text{TT} / 0.5 ~\mathrm{V} / 27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$and$\text{SS} / 0.6 ~\mathrm{V} / 60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$with reduced maximum frequencies. It outperforms recently reported up-down counters with the lowest FoM. The bit-depth of the counter can be readily increased by cascading more bit stages at the cost of 16 transistors/bit and$1.25 \mu ~\mathrm{W} / \text{bit}$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".