Gated Delay Line Up-Down Counters for Mixed-Signal Processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An edge-triggered bi-directional gated delay line thermometer up-down counter is proposed and its principle and operation are detailed. The proposed counter is designed in a TSMC 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology with a reduced supply voltage of 0.8 V. Simulation results show the counter functions well at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{FF} / 0.8 ~\mathrm{V} /-20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, \text{TT} / 0.8 ~\mathrm{V} / 27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, \text{SS} / 0.8 ~\mathrm{V} / 60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$</tex>, and 1 GHz with the presence of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\pm 10 \%$</tex> supply voltage noise. The proposed counter outperforms its MUX/DFF counterpart with 3x reduction in per-stage transistor count, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1.3 x$</tex> increase in the maximum frequency, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1.14 x$</tex> reduction in the minimum supply voltage while consuming 38 % less power. The counter functions well at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{FF} / 0.5 ~\mathrm{V} /-20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, \text{TT} / 0.5 ~\mathrm{V} / 27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{SS} / 0.6 ~\mathrm{V} / 60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$</tex> with reduced maximum frequencies. It outperforms recently reported up-down counters with the lowest FoM. The bit-depth of the counter can be readily increased by cascading more bit stages at the cost of 16 transistors/bit and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1.25 \mu ~\mathrm{W} / \text{bit}$</tex>.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".