Bronchodilator Response Assessed by Surface Respiratory Muscle EMG in Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Baiting He,1 Feng Li,2 Simin Liu,1 Lu Wang,1 Zhiqiang Chen,1 Qihua Zhu,1 Lishuang Wang,3 Shanfeng Liang,1 Miral Al-Sherif,4 Lihong Sun,1 Yuanming Luo1,5,6 1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; 5Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 6AISH, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, AustraliaCorrespondence: Yuanming Luo, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China, Email y.m.luo@vip.163.comBackground: An increase of ≥ 12% in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) after inhalation of bronchodilator indicates airway reversibility. However, it is difficult to measure FEV1 in children. The aim of the study is to determine whether respiratory muscle electromyograms recorded from chest wall surface electrodes can be used to distinguish children with uncontrolled asthma from healthy subjects.Methods: Fourteen children with uncontrolled asthma [aged 6.1 (3 ~ 13) years] and 28 healthy children [aged 7.6 (3 ~ 13) years] were recruited. Uncontrolled asthma was defined as having poorly controlled symptoms, along with an increase in FEV1 of at least 12%, or presenting with a wheezing symptom that improved after inhaling a bronchodilator. Diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi), parasternal intercostal EMG (EMGpara), airflow, FEV1, and wheezing were recorded before and after inhalation of bronchodilator.Results: Good-quality EMGdi and EMGpara could be recorded in all subjects. However, 18 of 42 children could not perform the spirometer properly. Changes in EMGdi [− 24.6% (− 43.5 ~ − 12.4%) vs − 0.1% (− 13.2 ~ 16.9%), p< 0.001] and EMGpara [− 11.2% (− 31.5 ~ 32.4%) vs − 0.5% (− 24.9 ~ 13.0%), p< 0.05] in children with asthma were, respectively, significantly larger than those in healthy subjects during bronchodilator response. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the changes of EMGdi and EMGpara were 0.995 (95% CI 0.906 to 1.000) and 0.755 (95% CI 0.598 to 0.874).Conclusion: Surface respiratory muscle EMG could be feasible and useful to assess bronchodilator response to differentiate children with uncontrolled asthma from healthy subjects.Keywords: respiratory muscle electromyogram, bronchodilator test, spirometry, children asthma
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".