A Clinical Evaluation of Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution 5% in Symptomatic Contact Lens Wearers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marc-Matthias Schulze,1 Sarah E Guthrie,1 Brandon Ho,1,2 Jill Woods,1 Lyndon Jones1,2 1Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; 2Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Pak Shek Kok, Shatin, Hong KongCorrespondence: Marc-Matthias Schulze, Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada, Tel +1 519-888-4567 x45020, Email marc.schulze@uwaterloo.caPurpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5% in alleviating end-of-day dryness and discomfort in symptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers.Patients and Methods: This was an open-label study in symptomatic CL wearers with ratings of ≥ 40 for end-of-day dryness on a visual analog scale (VAS; 0– 100 scale; 100 worst). Participants wore their habitual CLs and instilled lifitegrast twice daily for 12 weeks with lenses removed. The performance of lifitegrast was assessed by comparing VAS 0– 100 ratings (100=worst) at 2, 6 and 12 weeks for end-of-day dryness and discomfort and Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CEQ-8) scores to baseline levels. Tear samples were collected at all visits to measure 10 different tear cytokines.Results: Forty participants (33F, mean age 30.8± 12.1 years, 65% daily disposable CL users) completed the study. There were no serious adverse events. Median (range) visual analog scale ratings for end-of-day dryness (Baseline: 76 (19– 99); 2-weeks: 43 (0– 95); 6-weeks: 26 (0– 94); 12-weeks: 15 (0– 98)) and discomfort (Baseline: 70 (10– 97); 2-weeks: 45 (0– 95); 6-weeks: 25 (0– 84); 12-weeks 11 (0– 96)) both significantly improved over time (all p< 0.01). At baseline, 100% of participants rated dryness ≥ 40, which dropped to 17% at 12 weeks. Baseline CLDEQ-8 scores of 22 (12– 31) had significantly decreased to 11 (1– 26) at 12 weeks. Comfortable CL wear time increased significantly from 6± 2 hours at baseline to 9± 3 hours at 6 and 12 weeks (all p< 0.01). Cytokine levels did not change over time.Conclusion: Lifitegrast significantly improved end-of-day dryness, end-of-day discomfort, CLDEQ-8 scores and comfortable CL wear time within 2 weeks of use.Keywords: lifitegrast, contact lens, contact lens symptoms, contact lens discomfort, dry eye, tear cytokines
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".