Mitigating the Effects of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus Using Crop Thinning and Investigating the Role of Viral Load on Vine Health and Fruit Composition in Cabernet Sauvignon in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is an important threat to vineyards in North America due to severe impacts to vine health, fruit composition, and wine quality. The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of crop thinning to mitigate the effects of GRBV in Cabernet Sauvignon in the Okanagan Valley and to determine if GRBV viral load plays a role in vine health and fruit composition. A commercial Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard was studied over 2 years. GRBV(+) and GRBV(−) vines were paired and assigned a cropping treatment of either 1.5 clusters per shoot (1.5 C/S) or one cluster per shoot (1.0 C/S). Vine health parameters, including leaf greenness, leaf gas exchange, pruning weights, and bud hardiness, were measured throughout the growing season, and fruit composition was assessed at harvest. GRBV viral load was measured at four stages during the growing season using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR). GRBV(+) vines had higher berry and cluster weights, yields, and crop loads, and lower pruning weights. GRBV(+) vines had drastically reduced Brix, as well as decreased yeast assimilable nitrogen, and increased titratable acidity and pH. Skin and seed phenolic profiles were unaffected by GRBV. Crop thinning decreased yields and increased pruning weights, resulting in lower crop loads. However, crop thinning had no impact on vine health or fruit composition of GRBV(+) nor GRBV(−) vines. GRBV viral load was positively correlated with skin anthocyanins, tartaric esters, flavonols, and tannins, and negatively correlated with stomatal conductance, cluster weight, yield, berry weight, and titratable acidity. GRBV significantly altered fruit composition in Cabernet Sauvignon and is not remedied by crop thinning. GRBV viral load had no clear influence on vine health and fruit composition. Due to the lack of impact of crop thinning in GRBV(−) vines, we show no benefit to thinning Cabernet Sauvignon past 1.5 C/S in the Okanagan Valley.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".