Outer Radiation Belt Dynamics During the October 2012 Storm Revisited: Rapid Inward Radial Transport from a Dynamic Outer Boundary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Contents of this file Introduction text and Supplementary Figures S1 to S9. Introduction Figure S1 shows integral electron flux detected by the GOES spacecraft at energies >0.8 MeV, >2 MeV and >4 MeV. These integral channels show clear enhancements in the electron flux at ~04:10 UT and between ~06:30 to ~08:10 UT. Figure S2 also shows the magnetic local time of the GOES 13, 14 and 15 spacecraft during the flux enhancements on October 9, 2012. Figure S3 shows the magnetic local time (MLT) of each GPS spacecraft used to derive the electron phase space density (PSD) presented in Figure 4 (c) in the main paper, indicating that simultaneous PSD enhancements occur across a wide range of MLT’s. Figure S4 illustrates that increases in the Auroral Electrojet Index, AE also occur on October 9, 2012 consistent with the occurrence of substorms. Figures S5 to S9 illustrate how sensitive the simulated PSD and the resultant PSD profiles are on the outer boundary condition. Figures S5 and S6 shows the impact on the simulated PSD when the time of the two PSD enhancements applied at the simulation outer boundary are varied by ±20 minutes. Figure S7 shows the impact on the simulated PSD when the duration of the two PSD enhancements applied at the outer boundary is doubled. Figure S8 illustrates a new outer boundary condition, where the shape of the PSD enhancements at the simulation outer boundary are constrained by the GPS data collected between L*=4.6 and L*=4.8, instead of assuming that the two PSD enhancements have a Gaussian shaped temporal evolution as used in Figures 7 and 8 of the main paper. Figure S9 illustrates the impact on the simulated PSD when the outer boundary condition presented in Figure S8 is used, as well as illustrating the impact of reducing the value of radial diffusion coefficient during the first PSD enhancement by a factor of 4 across all L-shells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".