Interaction of Pyroxasulfone and Encapsulated Saflufenacil Applied Preemergence for Control of Waterhemp in Corn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Waterhemp is a problematic weed in corn production that is rapidly evolving multiple herbicide resistance; 5-way resistance to herbicide groups 2, 5, 9, 14 and 27 has been confirmed in multiple counties across southern Ontario. The introduction of a new premix herbicide, pyroxasulfone plus encapsulated saflufenacil, provides growers with an additional option to control this challenging weed. In 2022 three field trails were conducted at three locations in southwestern Ontario to assess corn injury and yield and waterhemp control, density, and biomass, as well as the interaction between pyroxasulfone and saflufenacil applied preemergence in corn. Herbicide treatments consisted of pyroxasulfone (90, 120, and 150 g ai ha-1), encapsulated saflufenacil (56, 75, and 95 g ai ha-1), pyroxasulfone plus encapsulated saflufenacil (146, 195, and 245 g ai ha-1), and an industry standard, S-metolachlor/atrazine/mesotrione/bicyclopyrone (2026 g ai ha-1). The co-application of both active ingredients improved waterhemp control and resulted in biomass reduction compared to saflufenacil applied alone; waterhemp density and corn yield were similar for pyroxasulfone plus encapsulated saflufenacil or each active ingredient applied alone. The interaction between pyroxasulfone and encapsulated saflufenacil was additive for the majority of assessments; however, there were some parameters where there was an antagonistic or synergistic response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".