Experimental Investigation of CLT Floor Connection Robustness under Combined In-Plane Tension and Out-of-Plane Bending
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mass timber construction using cross-laminated timber (CLT) is gaining popularity globally for larger and taller buildings. Despite this, key aspects of performance for large buildings, such as robustness and resistance to disproportionate collapse, remain underresearched. Experimental evidence of mass timber floors’ behavior under large deformations associated with accidental scenarios is still scarce due to the time-consuming and resource-intensive nature of classical pushdown tests for catenary action investigations. A novel test method for CLT connections was implemented, allowing for faster and more economical test campaigns and therefore facilitating greatly expanding test matrices for parametric investigations under the combined loading (in-plane tension and out-of-plane bending). A total of 72 novel component and 18 classical substructure tests were conducted on CLT floors with butt joints, half-laps, and spline joints, all using self-tapping screws. Component tests showed a decrease of moment capacity with increased tension in butt joints and half-laps, whereas spline joints exhibited an increase in moment capacity at midrange tension utilizations levels. Analytical methods demonstrated that the smaller, economical component tests predicted the substructure floor test behavior. The research provides detailed characterization of changes in mechanical properties of the connections under varying ratios of combined loading, crucial to understanding of the mass timber floor connections under extreme deformations, which is a vital step toward the development of widespread and accessible performance-based robustness analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".