Doppler sonographic study of common carotid artery and jugular vein blood flow in Labrador dogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, Doppler sonographic findings of common carotid artery (CCA) and external jugular vein (EJV) blood flow in normal as well as neurological deficit Labrador dogs were evaluated. In the first part of the study, 12 apparently healthy adult Labrador dogs (in two groups; group I animals aged 2-6 yr, group II animals aged 6-10 yr) were subjected to B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography of the CCA and EJV. Doppler ultrasonography was performed in all animals without sedation in lateral decubitus position using 7.5 MHz linear transducer. The mean values CCA diameter (D), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI) and velocity (V) differed significantly between the groups I and II. No differences were found between genders or vessel sides of same age group animals. In the second part of the study, five dogs showing variable neurologic signs were subjected to Doppler sonographic examination; the neurological conditions were broadly categorized as inflammatory conditions, upstream stenosis of CCA, downstream stenosis of CCA and jugular venous reflux.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".