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Record W7091336137 · doi:10.4006/0836-1398-38.1.25

Einstein's mathematical deception: Special relativity conceals that it changes the speed <i>c</i> along the X-axis in the stationary frame of reference

2025· article· en· W7091336137 on OpenAlexvenueno aff

Bibliographic record

VenuePhysics Essays · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicRelativity and Gravitational Theory
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTime dilationEinsteinQuotientCoordinate timeKinematicsTheory of relativityFrame of referenceSpecial relativityCoordinate system

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In his famous paper “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” [A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 17 , 891 (1905)], Einstein derived kinematic time dilation by considering a coordinate system k that moves relative to a stationary coordinate system K along the X-axis, where he let the x-axis and the X-axis of the two systems coincide. Einstein defined for light beams moving along the X-axis, which are emitted from the origin of the coordinate system k to the mirror and back to the origin of the coordinate system k, no matter in which direction a light beam moves, each time interval by the sum of the two time intervals x ′/( c − v ) and x ′/( c + v ) divided by 2. Afterwards, Einstein defined x ′ as infinitely small, so that x ′ disappeared and he obtained the differential quotient 1/2[1/( c − v ) + 1/( c + v )]∂ τ /∂ t , from which the kinematic time dilation factor γ squared results if the two terms in the brackets are added. However, after x ′ has disappeared, the change in time is now only defined by the speed c of light and v , where v is a uniform speed. This means that the two quotients within the brackets cannot be added without changing the value of c . By adding the two quotients within the brackets of the differential quotient 1/2[1/( c − v ) + 1/( c + v )]∂ τ /∂ t , Einstein's special relativity (SR) mathematically creates in the stationary frame of reference two different values for the speed of light that differ from the value of c . Einstein was able to conceal that SR mathematically alters the laws of nature because his derivation of kinematic time dilation along the X-axis does not change the letter “ c ,” but only the value of c . Einstein's miracle year is demystified here and a theory of relativity without mathematical tricks is presented.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.761
Threshold uncertainty score0.344

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.043
GPT teacher head0.304
Teacher spread0.261 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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