Plant growth regulator effects on seed yield of timothy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) is a cool‐season perennial forage grass species widely utilized for animal feed and fodder in temperate regions of the world. Timothy is one of the main forage grass crops grown for seed in the Peace Region of western Canada. Timothy performs well under well‐fertilized and high‐moisture soils, but seed production fields are prone to lodging under such conditions. Lodging in grass crops reduces seed production through self‐shading, which limits successful pollination, fertilization, and seed fill. In this study, we investigated the effects of two plant growth regulators (PGRs), chlormequat chloride (CCC) and trinexapac‐ethyl (TE), on plant height, lodging, seed weight, and seed yield of timothy for 8 site‐years. The study encompassed 5 years at one site with crop stands in their first to fifth year of seed production and 3 years at a second site with crop stands in their first to third year of seed production. The PGRs were applied alone (TE and CCC) and in a mix (TE + CCC) at the 2–3 node (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, and Chemische Industrie [BBCH] 32–33) and early heading (BBCH 51–52) growth stages. The application of PGRs (TE, CCC, and their mix) at two different growth stages showed a differential decrease in lodging and plant height and an increase in seed yield in all but 1 site year. Among the PGR treatments, CCC applied at the BBCH 32–33 was the most effective in increasing seed yield and economic returns of timothy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".