Metacognition in individuals with a lifetime history of anorexia nervosa: a voxel based morphometry\nstudy.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the current study was to provide a preliminary investigation of metacognition (MC) and global\nand regional cerebral volume in women with a lifetime history of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) compared to healthy\ncontrols (HC). In particular, we aimed to explore whether (1) MC was still affected in recovered AN patients (rec-AN)\ncompared to HC and (2) prefrontal areas sustaining MC were morphometrically different in rec-AN compared to HC,\nusing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).\nMethod: Nine adult drug-free rec-AN females (age: M=23.22; SD=+5.91) and nine adult HC (age: M=23.33;\nSD=+2.67) underwent the psychometric assessment consisting of the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), the\nMetacognition Questionnaire (MCQ), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and high resolution T1-weighted\nvoxel based morphometric (VBM) MRI (224 contiguous slices, voxel size = 0.7×0.7×0.7, FOV=320×320, TR=20ms,\nTE=4.89ms, band = 130Hz/Px), using a 1.5 Tesla Siemens Magneton Avanto scanner. We used Voxel-Based\nMorphometry (VBM) to characterize brain differences in gray matter volume between the groups.\nLocal grey matter volume (GMV) differences between the two groups were detected using a Region of Interest (ROI)\nanalysis and a Whole Brain Analysis to strengthen and widen the ROI's results (with p<0.001). Based on the\nevidence regarding the neural basis of metacognition [1], masks were created around twelve areas, mainly located\nin the frontal lobes. Mann–Whitney test was performed to compare TCQ, MCQ and TAS-20 scores between rec-AN\nand HC, with α set at < 0.05.\nResults: The analyses revealed that rec-AN and HC did not differ for both metacognitive abilities, alexithymic traits\nand global GM volumes.\nThe Region of Interest (ROI) analysis showed reduced GMVs in the right Superior Frontal Gyrus (SFG) and increased\nGMVs in the Temporo-Parietal Junction (TPJ) and Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) in rec-AN compared to HC. Besides,\nthe Whole Brain Analysis (WBA) found that rec-AN, compared to HC, showed reduced GMVs in the Left Superior\nParietal Lobule (SPL), the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), the Right Inferior Occipital Gyrus (IOG), the Left Fusiform\nGyrus (FG) and the cerebellum's culmen but not in the DLPFC. \nConclusion: The GMV reduction seems to be aspecifically distributed in different brain areas, as found in other VBM\nstudies which investigated adult acute and weight-restored AN patients [2,3].\nSeveral lines of evidence sustain that frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and cerebellar regions are involved in body\nshape perception, cognitive and emotional processing, which are often impaired in AN [3]. However, there was no\nGM decrease in brain areas specifically supporting metacognitive functioning [1], which was not compromised in\nrec-AN.\nThese findings suggest that clinical recovery (i.e. achievement of adequate body weight and remission of Eating\nDisorder psychopathology) may accompany the restoration of neurobiological underpinnings of ‘thinking about\nthinking’ processes, and that MC impairment may not represent a stable marker of AN.\nDifferences in regional GM volume may be linked to the past starvation, but whether they are state or trait is\nunclear. These discrete brain volume differences provide candidate brain regions for further structural and functional\nstudy in people with Eating Disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".