Bibliographic record
Abstract
of Utrecht University. The research activities covered a broad range and led to many new results. The national activities took place within the Dutch Research School for Theoretical Physics. All ITP graduate students were accepted as students of the research school. In the period from January ’90 till December ’99, 25 graduate students were appointed as AIO/OIO (one appointment together with the IGGN). At the end of this period there were 11 AIO/OIO’s employed by ITP, whose remaining contract periods range between 1 and 46 months. The 14 AIO/OIO’s whose contracts have been terminated, have all completed their studies with a Ph.D.. The average duration of their graduates studies was 48,5 months. Another student at LU Wageningen, R.G.M. van der Sman, graduated under supervision of prof. Ernst (and of prof.dr.ir. G.P.A. Bot and dr. J.H.J. van Opheusden of the LU Wageningen). An exciting event this year was that Gerard ’t Hooft and Martinus Veltman were awarded the 1999 Nobel prize for Physics “for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics”. Their monumental work was carried out at the Institute during the late sixties and the seventies. In this report Gerard ’t Hooft reminisces about those days and gives his personal perspective on the work that lead to the prize (p. 20). Many developments within the various subdisciplines had their impact on the scientific programme of the ITP. These developments are apparent in the more detailed reports, Ph.D. theses, publications and presentations by ITP members. We also present the abstracts of the scientific publications in order to give an impression of the results obtained in this year. There is a short article by Matthieu Ernst and Ricardo Brito on granular matter (p. 25). Prof.dr. E.P. Verlinde left the ITP on October 1 to join the faculty of Princeton University. Prof.dr. P.C.E. Stamp joined the ITP faculty on December 15 from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Two programs in theoretical physics, namely “Quantum Gravity ” and “String Theory”, are
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.513 | 0.258 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".