Bibliographic record
Abstract
The exotic, federally quarantined plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum causes Sudden Oak Death (fig. 40.1) and ramorum shoot or leaf blight on more than 100 hosts from 36 different families. Hosts include a number of conifers, maples, tanoak, beech, and oak species (table 40.1). Although some hosts, such as oak and tanoak, develop stem cankers, most hosts only develop leaf spots and twig dieback when infected by P. ramorum, and are not usually killed by the pathogen. These diseases are commonly referred to as ramorum blight or dieback. In addition to hosts that have been naturally infected in the field, laboratory research indicates that a number of conifers, particularly many true firs and larch, may also be potential pathogen hosts. Distribution Naturally infected hosts have been reported in forests and landscapes in California and southwestern Oregon coastal areas. Infected ornamental nursery stock, has been detected throughout the United States and British Columbia, Canada. Despite efforts to eradicate the pathogen from nurseries, the pathogen has spread to waterways and plants outside of infected nurseries at a limited number of sites. The distribution of this disease is expected to increase over time. Damage Depending on the host species affected, P. ramorum may cause leaf spots, shoot blight, leaf and twig dieback, and outright tree mortality from stem cankers. Besides the direct damage this pathogen may cause, Federal and State regulatory actions associated with the detection of infected host Figure 40.1—Tanoaks killed by Phytophthora ramorum in a California forest. Photo by Gary Chastagner, Washington
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.548 | 0.343 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".