1 EFFECTS OF PARTIAL FLOODING ON WATER CHEMISTRY FROM THE UNDERGROUND WORKINGS AT THE BRITANNIA MINE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although flooding or partial flooding of underground workings at closure is a commonly proposed closure measure, there are a limited number of case studies documenting changes in water chemistry resulting from flooding and cyclic flooding of sulphidic mine wastes. The Britannia Mine located approximately 50km north of Vancouver, British Columbia operated from 1905 to 1974 producing over 48 million tonnes of copper ore. The mine workings consist of over 80 kilometres of underground tunnels and raises, and five small open pits and glory holes, extending from below sea level to elevations of approximately 1300 metres above sea level. Surface and groundwater entering the mine is contaminated by acid rock drainage from residual sulphide minerals in the mine workings, and emerges from tunnels on the lower levels of the mine. During the conceptual design phase for a Water Treatment Plant for the mine drainage, the mine workings were identified as a possible location for storage and attenuation of peak flows. The volume of the workings available for storage and the changes in chemistry that could occur during flooding were assessed by partially flooding the mine workings and monitoring the flows and drainage chemistry. The workings have since been flooded several times during the investigation and construction phases of the project, and continued monitoring has provided additional insight into the geochemical characteristics of the flooded portion of the workings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".