Generalized Maxwell bodies and estimates of mantle viscosity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary. Three generalized Maxwell bodies (GMBs) are discussed whose transient-creep properties make them interesting alternatives t o the classical Maxwell body (CMB) in interpretations of post-glacial uplift. The first GMB is defined by its relaxation spectrum, the second by its quality factor and the third by its stress-strain relation. In each case the GMB is characterized by three parameters only: the unrelaxed modulus, the steady-state viscosity or a time constant, and a dimensionless parameter representative of the transient-creep properties. This is one parameter less than needed for the Burgers body which has mainly been used so far to model transient creep. The GMB models are described in some detail and numerical results for their viscoelastic moduli, relaxation spectra, and relaxation and creep functions are given. For practical applications it is most important that the viscoelastic moduli can be calculated a t arbitrary frequencies. In the second part of the paper post-glacial-uplift data from Canada and Fenno-scandia are interpreted with the GMB rheologies described. Otherwise the Earth model used and the assumptions on the form and history of the ice load are very simple. Effective viscosities of the successful models, i.e. inverse creep rates a t times representative of mantle convection, fall in the range lOZ2-lOz4P (1O2'-1OZ3Pa s) and are in part considerably larger than mantle viscosities derived under the assumption of a CMB rheology. Hence. post-glacial-uplift data constrain mantle viscosity less than has been believed until recently. Key words: viscoelasticity, rheology, mantle viscosity, post-glacial uplift
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".