Evidence for Human Modification of a Late Pleistocene Bison (Bison sp.) Bone from the Klondike District
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT. A 31 000 BP bison limb bone from Nugget Gulch near Dawson City, Yukon, shows a “ring crack ” considered to be a human-made impact mark resulting in exposure of marrow. This bone is approximately contemporaneous with wolf, horse, and Dall sheep specimens found on an ancient Mid-Wisconsinan terrain surface at this locality. Similar ring cracks, also interpreted as human-made, have been noted on late-glacial bison bones from Engigstciak, Yukon, and Lost Chicken Creek, Alaska. Key words: bison, Bison priscus, Yukon Territory, Late Pleistocene, bone fracture, humans RÉSUMÉ. Un os de membre de bison datant de 31 000 ans av. J.-C. et provenant de Nugget Gulch près de Dawson City au Yukon, montre une «fissure circulaire » que l’on considère être la marque d’un impact donné par un être humain pour mettre la moelle à nu. Cet os est à peu près contemporain de spécimens provenant de loups, de chevaux et de mouflons de Dall trouvés au même endroit, à la surface d’un ancien terrain datant du milieu du wisconsinien. On a remarqué des fissures circulaires semblables, que l’on a aussi interprétées comme découlant d’une action humaine, sur des os de bison du tardiglaciaire trouvés à Engigstciak au Yukon et à Lost Chicken Creek en Alaska. Mots clés: bison, Bison priscus, Territoire du Yukon, pléistocène tardif, fracture osseuse, êtres humains Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nésida Loyer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".